본품은 마과(서여과薯蓣科) 식물 면비해(绵萆薢) Dioscorea spongiosa J. Q. Xi, M. Mizuno et W. L. Zhao 또는 복주서여(福州薯蓣) Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunth의 땅속줄기를 말린 것이다. 가을·겨울 두 철에 채취하여, 수염뿌리를 제거하고 씻어 절편하여 햇볕에 말린다.
본품은 운향과(芸香科) 식물 불수감(구연枸橼) Citrus medica L. 또는 향원(香圆) Citrus wilsonii Tanaka의 잘 익은 열매를 말린 것이다. 가을철 열매가 잘 익었을 때에 채취하여, 신선할 때에 절편하여 햇볕에 말리거나 저온건조한다. 향원(香圓)은 통째로 또는 반으로 쪼개어 햇볕에 말리거나 저온건조할 수도 있다.
Jun Hong Park, Hong Jun Kang, Yun Kyung Lee, Hyeog Kang, Jay H. Chung, Ji Suk Chang, Alexandra C. McPherron and Sean Bong Lee.
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PNAS
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제 112권
19호
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2015
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EWS (Ewing sarcoma) encodes an RNA/ssDNA binding protein that is frequently rearranged in a number of different cancers by chromosomal translocations. Physiologically, EWS has diverse and essential roles in various organ development and cellular processes. In this study, we uncovered a new role of EWS in mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. Loss of EWS leads to a significant decrease in mitochondria abundance and activity, which is caused by a rapid degradation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ Coactivator (PGC-1α), a central regulator of mitochondria biogenesis, function, and cellular energy metabolism. EWS inactivation leads to increased ubiquitination and proteolysis of PGC-1α via proteasome pathway. Complementation of EWS in Ews-deficient cells restores PGC-1α and mitochondrial abundance. We found that expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7 (F-box/WD40 domain protein 7), is increased in the absence of Ews and depletion of Fbxw7 in Ews-null cells restores PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial density. Consistent with these findings, mitochondrial abundance and activity are significantly reduced in brown fat and skeletal muscles of Ews-deficient mice. Furthermore, expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration and fatty acid β-oxidation genes is significantly reduced in the liver of Ews-null mice. These results demonstrate a novel role of EWS in mitochondrial and cellular energy homeostasis by controlling PGC-1α protein stability, and further implicate altered mitochondrial and energy metabolism in cancers harboring the EWS translocation.